腹腔可触及肿物的超声鉴别（二）

Miscellaneous Lesions 其他发炎.. Urachal Cyst 肚脐尿管息肉A urachal cyst may be seen in between the umbilicus and the bladder. It is usually situated in the lower third of the urachus but can be seen just inferior to the umbilicus. These cysts may appear totally anechoic or may reveal low-level internal echoes (Figure 11 )肚脐尿管息肉多见于肚脐和膀胱之间，多半毗邻肚脐尿管的下1/3 ，但也可多见于仅仅毗邻肚脐下。这些息肉可展现为完全无调谐或低调谐。

Figure 11. A, Urachal cyst. The cyst is infected and contains faintly echogenic fluid. B, Urachal cyst. The anterior wall of the tense cyst produces reverberation artifacts. 由此可知11A，肚脐尿管息肉，此息肉已受感染，内部内含微弱调谐的液体。B，肚脐尿管息肉，紧绷的息肉前壁产生反射伪影。

..Endometriosis乳房小肠上皮细胞Endometriosis of the abdominal wall may occur as a long-term complication of uterine surgery. It has no specific appearance but is seen as a focal mass at the scar of previous surgery with attacks of cyclic pain and swelling (Figure 12 ).鼓膜乳房小肠上皮细胞是乳房中风的长期合并症，无特殊展现，但可于现在手术的瘢痕两处见一局部肿物，并有周期普遍性的疼痛和发炎。

Figure 12. Endometriosis in a cesarean delivery scar. 由此可知12 ，剖宫产脸颊两处乳房小肠上皮细胞

...Abdominal Wall Hematoma 鼓膜血肿A rectus sheath hematoma may develop after paroxysms of coughing or sneezing or after seizures. The underlying cause is usually either anticoagulant therapy or some bleeding disorder. Because these hematomas are limited within the rectus sheath, they are not very big. Their shape depends on their location. Above the arcuate line, they are usually ovoid in shape with the long axis superoinferior and are seen on one side (Figure 13A ). Below the arcuate line, because of the absence of the linea alba, they can extend across the midline. Then the hematoma may be seen as a padlike lesion with its maximum length along the transverse axis.21–23 In one neonate, an abdominal wall hematoma was seen to spread transversely in the supraumbilical region (Figure 13, B and C ). In patients with post surgical disseminated intrascular coagulation, large hematomas are seen in the abdominal wall in the vicinity of the surgical scar (Figure 13D ).腹直肌鞘血肿可发生于癫痫普遍性咳嗽后、呕吐或癫痫癫痫后，其不可避免多半是抗凝治疗法或肾衰竭结核病。由于血肿限制于腹直肌鞘内，多半不很大，其形状根据所两处前面而定，在尾端新线以上，血肿常是淡黄色，长轴呈上下顺时针，可于一侧见过（由此可知13A）；在尾端新线以下，由于腹白新线缺如，可扩展横过中新线，因此血肿展现为分叶状，其最大者长度毗邻一组上。在新生儿鼓膜血肿可多见于肚脐上横向扩展（由此可知13B、C）。术后强磁场普遍性血管内心肌的病症可于鼓膜手术瘢痕附近见过大的血肿（由此可知13D）。

Figure 13. A, Rectus sheath hematoma in an elderly woman after severe cough. Arrows point to the fascia transversalis. B, Abdominal wall hematoma in a neonate. C, Abdominal wall hematoma overlying umbilical vein insertion in a neonate. UV indicates umbilical vein. D, Abdominal wall hematoma in a cesarean delivery scar in a patient with disseminated intrascular coagulation. 由此可知13A，一中年妇女炽热咳嗽后腹直肌鞘血肿，箭头指示腹横筋膜。B，新生儿鼓膜血肿。C，一新生儿肚脐静脉表层两处上面的鼓膜血肿。UV，肚脐静脉。D，一强磁场普遍性血管内心肌的剖宫产术后病症脸颊两处鼓膜血肿。

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