十二指肠可触及肿物的超声鉴别（二）

Miscellaneous Lesions 其他发炎.. Urachal Cyst 脐尿管肾脏A urachal cyst may be seen in between the umbilicus and the bladder. It is usually situated in the lower third of the urachus but can be seen just inferior to the umbilicus. These cysts may appear totally anechoic or may reveal low-level internal echoes (Figure 11 )脐尿管肾脏见于脐和十二指肠之间，不一定座落在脐尿管的下1/3 ，但也可见于仅座落在脐下。这些肾脏可观感为只不过无调谐或低调谐。

Figure 11. A, Urachal cyst. The cyst is infected and contains faintly echogenic fluid. B, Urachal cyst. The anterior wall of the tense cyst produces reverberation artifacts. 布11A，脐尿管肾脏，此肾脏已受细菌感染，内部掺入微弱调谐的固体。B，脐尿管肾脏，紧绷的肾脏前壁归因于散射伪影。

..Endometriosis乳房小肠甲状腺Endometriosis of the abdominal wall may occur as a long-term complication of uterine surgery. It has no specific appearance but is seen as a focal mass at the scar of previous surgery with attacks of cyclic pain and swelling (Figure 12 ).结节乳房小肠甲状腺是乳房切除术后的长期合并症，无特殊观感，但可于以前切除术的瘢痕不远处见一角化肿物，并有周期特质的疼痛和肿胀。

Figure 12. Endometriosis in a cesarean delivery scar. 布12 ，剖宫产脸部不远处乳房小肠甲状腺

...Abdominal Wall Hematoma 结节血肿A rectus sheath hematoma may develop after paroxysms of coughing or sneezing or after seizures. The underlying cause is usually either anticoagulant therapy or some bleeding disorder. Because these hematomas are limited within the rectus sheath, they are not very big. Their shape depends on their location. Above the arcuate line, they are usually ovoid in shape with the long axis superoinferior and are seen on one side (Figure 13A ). Below the arcuate line, because of the absence of the linea alba, they can extend across the midline. Then the hematoma may be seen as a padlike lesion with its maximum length along the transverse axis.21–23 In one neonate, an abdominal wall hematoma was seen to spread transversely in the supraumbilical region (Figure 13, B and C ). In patients with post surgical disseminated intrascular coagulation, large hematomas are seen in the abdominal wall in the vicinity of the surgical scar (Figure 13D ).腹直肌鞘血肿可发生于之中风特质咳嗽后、小便或癫痫之中风后，其早先不一定是抗凝用药或出血特质疾病。由于血肿限制于腹直肌鞘内，不一定不不大，其形状根据所不远处位置而定，在弓状支线以上，血肿常为长圆形，椭圆呈上下路径，可于一侧见过（布13A）；在弓状支线所列，由于腹白支线缺如，可适配移向之中支线，因此血肿观感为分膨大，其仅次于长度座落在居之中上。在胎儿结节血肿可见于脐上横向适配（布13B、C）。术后弥散特质腹腔内人体内的产妇可于结节切除术瘢痕附近见过大的血肿（布13D）。

Figure 13. A, Rectus sheath hematoma in an elderly woman after severe cough. Arrows point to the fascia transversalis. B, Abdominal wall hematoma in a neonate. C, Abdominal wall hematoma overlying umbilical vein insertion in a neonate. UV indicates umbilical vein. D, Abdominal wall hematoma in a cesarean delivery scar in a patient with disseminated intrascular coagulation. 布13A，一之中年妇女剧烈咳嗽后腹直肌鞘血肿，箭头指示腹横动脉。B，胎儿结节血肿。C，一胎儿脐脊柱下端不远处上面的结节血肿。UV，脐脊柱。D，一弥散特质腹腔内人体内的剖宫产术后产妇皱纹不远处结节血肿。

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